Planning for Beach Resilience: A Framework for Understanding Beach Appropriation and the Coastal Squeeze

Authors

  • Charles Lester University of California Santa Barbara https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1107-0026
  • Kiki Patsch California State University, Channel Islands
  • José Castro-Sotomayor California State University Channel Islands
  • Jenifer Dugan University of California, Santa Barbara
  • Summer Gray University of California Santa Barbara https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1661-179X
  • Philip King Ceto Consulting
  • Ella Mcdougall California Ocean Protection Council
  • Kriss Neuman Point Blue Conservation Science
  • Dan Reineman California State University Channel Islands
  • Sarah Jenkins Ceto Consulting
  • Lilia Mourier University of California Santa Barbara https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9587-7105
  • Miranda Scalzo University of California Santa Barbara

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21669/tomo.v44.22912

Keywords:

Beach Access, Coastal Squeeze, California Coast, Beach Resilience, Socio-Ecological Systems, Coastal Governance, Climate Adaptation

Abstract

California is expected to face significant beach loss due to coastal squeeze by 2100 without effective adaptation. Recognizing the importance of beaches to California’s social, cultural, economic, and environmental fabric, the state is developing the California Beach Resiliency Plan (CBRP). The CBRP will assess beach vulnerability and guide local adaptation through an interdisciplinary framework that addresses geophysical processes, access and recreation, economic and ecological values, cultural significance, development pressures, justice, and governance. This framing of beaches as complex socio-environmental systems may be useful for supporting efforts to sustain beaches as vital public spaces in the face of sea level rise and increasing coastal constraints.

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Author Biographies

Charles Lester, University of California Santa Barbara

Charles Lester is the Director of the Ocean and Coastal Policy Center at the Marine Science Institute of UC Santa Barbara, where he researches, writes, and provides consulting on sea-level rise, coastal resilience, and other aspects of coastal law, policy, and management. Charles previously worked for the State of California and for the California Coastal Commission for twenty years, including serving as the agency’s fourth Executive Director from 2011 to 2016. Before that, Charles was an assistant professor of political science at the University of Colorado, Boulder, where he taught environmental law and policy, focusing on public land governance and coastal zone management. He earned his Ph.D. and J.D. from UC Berkeley, and a B.A. in Geochemistry from Columbia University. Charles has extensive experience in integrated coastal management and California coastal policy, and he regularly speaks on coastal management, adaptation, and resilience.

Kiki Patsch, California State University, Channel Islands

Kiki Patsch holds a Ph.D Earth and Planetary Sciences with an emphasis on Coastal Geology and Hazards, University of California Santa Cruz (UCSC), 2004. B.A. Environmental Science, University of Virginia, 2000. Patsch joined the CSUCI faculty in the fall of 2015. Through her work, Dr. Patsch aims to bridge the gap between policy makers, scientists, engineers, and private citizens on issues related to the coastal zone. Dr. Patsch is co-author of the book, Living with the Changing California Coast, published by the University of California Press, Berkeley which covers the processes and hazards associated with California’s geologically dynamic and heavily populated shoreline. Dr. Kiki Patsch is currently developing regionally based, socially relevant research projects and programs with fellow faculty members as well as undergraduate students and pushing the boundaries of our knowledge of the dynamic coastal zone in the framework of environmental science and resource management.

José Castro-Sotomayor, California State University Channel Islands

José Castro-Sotomayor holds a Ph.D. in Communication, University of New Mexico, 2018. Assistant Professor of Environmental Communication at California State University Channel Islands. He is a research practitioner interested in environmental and intercultural dynamics of policy development and community outreach. His research has been recognized with the Christine L. Oravec Journal Article Award 2020. Environmental Communication Division, National Communication Association (NCA). Among his publications, he co-edited the Routledge Handbook of Ecocultural Identity (2020), which received the Tarla Rai Peterson Book Award 2020. Currently, he is a Community-Based Research Faculty Fellows at CSU Channel Islands, Associate Editor of the Journal Frontiers in Communication, and member of the Editorial Board of Quarterly Journal of Speech.

Jenifer Dugan, University of California, Santa Barbara

She is an Associate Research Biologist at the Marine Science Institute and Deputy Director of the Coastal Marine Institute. Her research focuses on coastal marine ecology and conservation, with particular emphasis on soft-sediment habitats such as exposed sandy beaches and wetlands. She holds an A.A. in Liberal Arts from De Anza Junior College (1977), a B.A. in Aquatic Biology from the University of California, Santa Barbara (1980), and a Ph.D. in Biology from the University of California, Santa Barbara.

Summer Gray, University of California Santa Barbara

Summer Gray is an interdisciplinary social scientist whose work examines coastal adaptation and the inequities that emerge in response to climate change. She is the author of In the Shadow of the Seawall, a book that investigates the social and environmental consequences of seawall construction in coastal communities, offering a critical perspective on adaptation strategies that often reinforce existing disparities. As a cinematic sociologist, she uses documentary filmmaking to explore environmental values and systemic injustices, blending in-depth interviews with visual storytelling. She holds a Ph.D. and an M.A. in Sociology from the University of California, Santa Barbara, and a B.A. in Science, Technology, and Society from Pomona College.

Philip King, Ceto Consulting

In 1978, King earned a B.A. in philosophy and economics from Washington University, where he was nominated to Omicron Delta Epsilon, an economics honor society. King received his Ph.D. in economics from Cornell University in 1987. He has published numerous books, articles and policy papers and has given talks and presentations on various subjects, including international economics and international economic policy, the economic growth of California and the economy of California's coastline. 

Ella Mcdougall, California Ocean Protection Council

Ella McDougall is a Climate Change Program Manager at the California Ocean Protection Council, where she implements strategic initiatives to prepare California’s coast for sea-level rise, including the SB 1 SLR Adaptation Grant Program (including the recent launch of the SB 1 Tribal Cultural Resources Funding Program), the California Beach Resiliency Plan, and the facilitation of the State and Regional SLR Collaborative. Her work focuses on supporting communities as they address coastal resiliency, advancing nature-based solutions, and ensuring equitable access to climate resilience funding. Ella holds an M.A. in International Environmental Policy from the Middlebury Institute of International Studies and a B.S. in Environmental Science from the University of Delaware.

Kriss Neuman, Point Blue Conservation Science

Kriss Neuman is a Principal Ecologist in the Pacific Coast and Central Valley Group at Point Blue, where she leads the Monterey Bay Program focused on a long-term study of snowy plover reproductive success. Since 1996, she has worked closely with coastal landowners and resource managers to develop science-based conservation strategies that support snowy plover recovery and strengthen beach and dune ecosystem resilience in the face of climate change. She holds a B.A. in Environmental Studies from UC Santa Cruz and an M.S. in Environmental Studies from San José State University

Dan Reineman, California State University Channel Islands

Dan R. Reineman is an environmental scholar who studies the human dimensions of ocean and coastal management through interdisciplinary and community-based methods. He holds a Ph.D. in Environment & Resources from Stanford University, an M.S. in Oceanography and a Graduate Certificate in Ocean Policy from the University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, and a B.S. in Marine Biology from UCLA. His research has focused on coastal access, surfing resources, and the relationships between coastal communities and their environments—a field he defines as “Coastography.” His teaching emphasizes hands-on and engaged learning, especially through CSUCI’s research station on Santa Rosa Island, with the goal of fostering student and community participation in the sustainable management of coastal resources.

Sarah Jenkins, Ceto Consulting

Sarah Jenkins is a Climate Resilience Specialist with technical expertise in data analysis, legal analysis, client management, and technical writing. She supports federally funded nature-based mitigation and adaptation projects across the United States and has published on sea-level rise adaptation in California and federal disaster-mitigation spending in Alabama. She holds a bachelor's degree in International Relations, Affairs, and Economics from the University of the Pacific.

Lilia Mourier, University of California Santa Barbara

Lilia is an environmental professional committed to addressing the challenges that climate change and ecological degradation pose to both people and nature. She has over five years of experience in riparian and estuarine conservation and holds a B.S. in Marine and Coastal Science with a minor in Geology from the University of California, Davis. Her early career included field-based positions across California, where she studied watershed geomorphology and salmonid fisheries, including service as a Watershed Stewards Program Corps Member with the California Conservation Corps in partnership with AmeriCorps.

Most recently, Lilia worked at the San Francisco Estuary Institute (SFEI) on an applied research team investigating how wastewater discharges affect the resilience of water quality in the San Francisco Bay. This experience deepened her interest in conservation planning, coastal and marine management, and environmental equity—areas she further explored during her master’s studies at the Bren School. Lilia aims to work at the urban–nature interface, advancing resilient coastal ecosystems and communities in a changing climate.

Miranda Scalzo, University of California Santa Barbara

Miranda Scalzo graduated from Seattle University in 2012 with a BA in Ecological Systems and a minor in Spanish. From a young age Miranda was inspired by the ocean and grew up exploring the beaches of northern California. This inspiration eventually led her to volunteering at the Seattle Aquarium and becoming scuba certified. She also brings a love for international environmental service projects. She has studied and volunteered in Mexico, Costa Rica, Nicaragua and Spain. For the last 4.5 years she worked for the Washington chapter of The Nature Conservancy (TNC). She developed many skills including strategy development and project management as an Executive Assistant. At her chapter, she managed the Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities working group, enhancing her commitment to environmental justice and Indigenous led conservation. At Bren, she will specialize in Coastal Resources Management and Conservation Planning with a focus in Strategic Environmental Communication and Media. Through research and collaboration with communities, Miranda intends to help expand marine protected areas and contribute to the protection of 1/3 of the world’s oceans by 2030

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Published

2025-12-29

How to Cite

Lester, C., Patsch, K., José Castro-Sotomayor, Dugan, J., Gray, S., King, P., … Scalzo, M. (2025). Planning for Beach Resilience: A Framework for Understanding Beach Appropriation and the Coastal Squeeze. TOMO Review, 44, e22912. https://doi.org/10.21669/tomo.v44.22912

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Vol. 44 (2025): TOMO Journal (Rolling Pass)

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Special Issue - Coastal Squeeze: Beaches under Socio-Economic and Ecological Pressure

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Copyright (c) 2025 Charles Lester, Kiki Patsch, José Castro-Sotomayor, Jenifer Dugan, Summer Gray, Philip King, Ella Mcdougall, Kriss Neuman, Dan Reineman, Sarah Jenkins, Lilia Mourier, Miranda Scalzo

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